четверг, 15 декабря 2022 г.

Press

 

Satellite launched to map Earth's water

A U.S.-French satellite has been launched with a mission to map all the world's oceans, lakes, reservoirs, rivers and other waterways. The satellite has been dubbed SWOT – Surface Water and Ocean Topography. It went into space just before dawn on Friday. Scientists hope data from the satellite will help them to monitor how climate change is adversely changing water levels. The U.S. broadcaster PBS said: "The satellite is needed more than ever, as climate change worsens droughts, flooding and coastal erosion." A NASA spokesperson spoke of the mission's importance. She said: "It's a pivotal moment.…We're going to see Earth's water like we've never seen it before."

The SWOT satellite is about the size of an SUV (sports utility vehicle). It took 20 years to develop, at a cost of $1.2 billion. High-precision radar equipment will measure the height of water on more than 90 per cent of Earth's surface. It will survey millions of lakes, as well as 2.1 million kilometres of rivers. Scientists will identify potential areas of water loss that could threaten local populations and coastlines. NASA said SWOT is a marked technological upgrade from its predecessors. A spokesperson said: "SWOT will give us a ten-fold improvement in the [accuracy] and spatial resolution of our measurements of water height." It will help scientists to better understand, "the critical role the oceans play in climate change".

 

 

 

1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if 1-8 below are true (T) or false (F).

  1. A Sino-American satellite will map the world's water.     T / F
  2. The satellite is called SWOT - Satellite for Water and Ocean Topography. T / F
  3. The satellite was launched early Friday evening.     T / F
  4. The broadcaster PBS said the satellite was very much needed.     T / F
  5. The satellite is the size of a sports utility vehicle.     T / F
  6. The satellite will survey 2.1 million kilometres of Earth's rivers.     T / F
  7. The satellite has the same level of technology as earlier satellites.     T / F
  8. The satellite will help scientists understand climate change more.    T / F

2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article.

  1. mission
  2. dubbed
  3. dawn
  4. adversely
  5. pivotal
  6. develop
  7. precision
  8. survey
  9. identify
  10. role
  1. daybreak
  2. part
  3. vital
  4. inspect
  5. nicknamed
  6. exactness
  7. journey
  8. recognize
  9. negatively
  10. create

3. PHRASE MATCH: (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.)

  1. The satellite has been dubbed
  2. climate change is adversely
  3. climate change worsens droughts, flooding
  4. It's a pivotal
  5. see Earth's water like we've
  6. sports utility
  7. High-precision
  8. Scientists will identify potential
  9. threaten local populations and
  10. the critical role the oceans
  1. vehicle
  2. never seen it before
  3. coastlines
  4. areas of water loss
  5. and coastal erosion
  6. SWOT
  7. play in climate change
  8. moment
  9. radar equipment
  10. changing water levels

вторник, 13 декабря 2022 г.

Analytical reading

 

Text: A Magic Ring 

Once upon a time there lived a young farmer. He worked very hard but was very poor. One day when he was far from home in the forest, an old woman looking like a peasant came up to him and said, «I know you work very hard, and all for nothing. I will give you a magic ring! It will make you rich, and your work won’t be in vain. When you turn the ring on your finger and say what you wish to have, you’ll have it at once! But there is only one wish in the ring, so think carefully before you wish.»

The astonished farmer took the ring given to him by the peasant woman, and went home. In evening he came to a big city. There he went to a merchant and showed him the magic ring. When the merchant heard the astonishing story, he thought of a plan. He invited the farmer to stay in his house for the night. At night he came up to the sleeping peasant, carefully took the ring off the man’s finger, and put on another ring, which looked exactly like the one he had taken off.

In the morning when the farmer had gone away, the merchant ran into his shop, shut the door, and said while turning the ring on his finger, «I wish to have a hundred thousand pieces of gold.» And down they came, on his head, shoulders, and arms, like a rain of gold! The frightened merchant tried to get out of the shop, but in vain. In a few minutes he was dead.

When the farmer returned home, he showed the ring to his wife. «Take a look at this ring,» he said. «It’s a magic ring! It will make us happy.”

The astonished woman could hardly say a word «Let’s try. Maybe the ring will bring us more land,» she said at last.

“We must be careful about our wish. Don’t forget there’s only one thing that we may ask for,» he explained. «Let’s better work hard for another year, and we’ll have more land.”

So they worked as hard as they could and got enough money to buy the land they wished to have. «What happy people we are!» said the farmer.

“I don’t understand you,» answered his wife angrily. «There’s nothing in the world that we can’t have, and still we spend days and nights working as hard as before, because you don’t want to use your magic ring!”

Thirty, then forty years had gone by. The farmer and his wife had grown old. Their hair became as white as snow. They were happy and had everything they wanted. Their ring was still there. Although it was not a magic ring, it had made them happy. For you see, my dear friends, a poor thing in good hands is better than a fine thing in bad hands.

 

пятница, 9 декабря 2022 г.

For summary

 

The story «The Law of Life» by Jack London

 

The old Indian was sitting in the snow. It was Koskoosh, former chief of his tribe. Now, all he could do was sit and listen to the others. His eyes were old. He could not see, but his ears were wide open to every sound.

“Aha.” That was the sound of his daughter, Sit-cum-to-ha. She was beating the dogs, trying to make them stand in front of the snow sleds. He was forgotten by her, and by the others, too. They had to look for new hunting grounds. The long, snowy ride waited. The days of the northlands were growing short. The tribe could not wait for death. Koskoosh was dying.

The stiff, crackling noises of frozen animal skins told him that the chief’s tent was being torn down. The chief was a mighty hunter. He was his son, the son of Koskoosh. Koskoosh was being left to die.

As the women worked, old Koskoosh could hear his son’s voice drive them to work faster. He listened harder. It was the last time he would hear that voice. A child cried, and a woman sang softly to quiet it. The child was Koo-tee, the old man thought, a sickly child. It would die soon, and they would burn a hole in the frozen ground to bury it. They would cover its small body with stones to keep the wolves away.

“Well, what of it? A few years, and in the end, death. Death waited ever hungry. Death had the hungriest stomach of all.”

Koskoosh listened to other sounds he would hear no more: the men tying strong leather rope around the sleds to hold their belongings; the sharp sounds of leather whips, ordering the dogs to move and pull the sleds.

“Listen to the dogs cry. How they hated the work.”

They were off. Sled after sled moved slowly away into the silence. They had passed out of his life. He must meet his last hour alone.

“But what was that?” The snow packed down hard under someone’s shoes. A man stood beside him, and placed a hand gently on his old head. His son was good to do this. He remembered other old men whose sons had not done this, who had left without a goodbye.

His mind traveled into the past until his son’s voice brought him back. “It is well with you?” his son asked. And the old man answered, “It is well.”

“There is wood next to you and the fire burns bright,” the son said. “The morning is gray and the cold is here. It will snow soon. Even now it is snowing. Ahh, even now it is snowing.

“The tribesmen hurry. Their loads are heavy and their stomachs flat from little food. The way is long and they travel fast. I go now. All is well?”

“It is well. I am as last year’s leaf that sticks to the tree. The first breath that blows will knock me to the ground. My voice is like an old woman’s. My eyes no longer show me the way my feet go. I am tired and all is well.”

He lowered his head to his chest and listened to the snow as his son rode away. He felt the sticks of wood next to him again. One by one, the fire would eat them. And step by step, death would cover him. When the last stick was gone, the cold would come. First, his feet would freeze. Then, his hands. The cold would travel slowly from the outside to the inside of him, and he would rest. It was easy…all men must die.

He felt sorrow, but he did not think of his sorrow. It was the way of life. He had lived close to the earth, and the law was not new to him. It was the law of the body. Nature was not kind to the body. She was not thoughtful of the person alone. She was interested only in the group, the race, the species.

This was a deep thought for old Koskoosh. He had seen examples of it in all his life. The tree sap in early spring; the new-born green leaf, soft and fresh as skin; the fall of the yellowed, dry leaf. In this alone was all history.

He placed another stick on the fire and began to remember his past. He had been a great chief, too. He had seen days of much food and laughter; fat stomachs when food was left to rot and spoil; times when they left animals alone, unkilled; days when women had many children. And he had seen days of no food and empty stomachs, days when the fish did not come, and the animals were hard to find.

For seven years the animals did not come. Then, he remembered when as a small boy how he watched the wolves kill a moose. He was with his friend Zing-ha, who was killed later in the Yukon River.

Ah, but the moose. Zing-ha and he had gone out to play that day. Down by the river they saw fresh steps of a big, heavy moose. “He’s an old one,” Zing-ha had said. “He cannot run like the others. He has fallen behind. The wolves have separated him from the others. They will never leave him.”

And so it was. By day and night, never stopping, biting at his nose, biting at his feet, the wolves stayed with him until the end.

Zing-ha and he had felt the blood quicken in their bodies. The end would be a sight to see.

They had followed the steps of the moose and the wolves. Each step told a different story. They could see the tragedy as it happened: here was the place the moose stopped to fight. The snow was packed down for many feet. One wolf had been caught by the heavy feet of the moose and kicked to death. Further on, they saw how the moose had struggled to escape up a hill. But the wolves had attacked from behind. The moose had fallen down and crushed two wolves. Yet, it was clear the end was near.

The snow was red ahead of them. Then they heard the sounds of battle. He and Zing-ha moved closer, on their stomachs, so the wolves would not see them. They saw the end. The picture was so strong it had stayed with him all his life. His dull, blind eyes saw the end again as they had in the far off past.

For long, his mind saw his past. The fire began to die out, and the cold entered his body. He placed two more sticks on it, just two more left. This would be how long he would live.

It was very lonely. He placed one of the last pieces of wood on the fire. Listen, what a strange noise for wood to make in the fire. No, it wasn’t wood. His body shook as he recognized the sound…wolves.

The cry of a wolf brought the picture of the old moose back to him again. He saw the body torn to pieces, with fresh blood running on the snow. He saw the clean bones lying gray against the frozen blood. He saw the rushing forms of the gray wolves, their shining eyes, their long wet tongues and sharp teeth. And he saw them form a circle and move ever slowly closer and closer.

A cold, wet nose touched his face. At the touch, his soul jumped forward to awaken him. His hand went to the fire and he pulled a burning stick from it. The wolf saw the fire, but was not afraid. It turned and howled into the air to his brother wolves. They answered with hunger in their throats, and came running.

The old Indian listened to the hungry wolves. He heard them form a circle around him and his small fire. He waved his burning stick at them, but they did not move away. Now, one of them moved closer, slowly, as if to test the old man’s strength. Another and another followed. The circle grew smaller and smaller. Not one wolf stayed behind.

Why should he fight? Why cling to life? And he dropped his stick with the fire on the end of it. It fell in the snow and the light went out.

The circle of wolves moved closer. Once again the old Indian saw the picture of the moose as it struggled before the end came. He dropped his head to his knees. What did it matter after all? Isn’t this the law of life?

 

вторник, 6 декабря 2022 г.

Text for summary


Рассказ: The Picture by M. R. James


For several years Mr Williams worked for the museum at the University of Oxford, enlarging its already famous collection of drawings and pictures of English country houses and churches. It is hard to imagine anything less alarming than collecting pictures of houses and churches, but Mr Williams found that even this peaceful work had its unexpected dark corners.

He bought many pictures for the museum from the London shop of Mr J. W. Britnell. Twice a year Mr Britnell sent a list of pictures to all his regular customers, who could then choose which pictures they wanted to look at before deciding whether to buy.
In February 1895 Mr Williams received a list from Mr Britnell with the following letter:

Dear Sir,
I think you might be interested in Picture Number 978 in our list, which I will be happy to send to you if you wish.
J. W. Britnell

Mr Williams turned to Number 978 in the list and found the following note:

Number 978. Artist unknown. Picture of an English country house, early nineteenth century. 25 centimetres by 40 centimetres. £20.

It did not sound very interesting and the price seemed high. However, Mr Williams added it to the pictures that he asked Mr Britnell to send to him.
The pictures arrived at the museum one Saturday afternoon, just after Mr Williams had left. They were brought round to his rooms in college so that he could look at them over the weekend. Mr Williams found them on his table when he and his friend, Mr Binks, came in to have tea.

Picture Number 978 showed the front of quite a large country house. It had three rows of windows with the door in the middle of the bottom row. There were trees on both sides of the house and a large lawn in front of it. The letters A. W. F. were written in the corner of the picture.

Mr Williams thought that it was not very well done, probably the work of an amateur artist, and he could not understand why Mr Britnell thought it was worth twenty pounds. He turned it over and saw that there was a piece of paper on the back with part of a name on it. All he could read were the ends of two lines of Writing The first said, ‘—ngly Hall’; the second, ‘—ssex’.

Mr Williams thought that it would be interesting to see if he could find the name of the house in one of his guidebooks before sending the picture back on Monday morning. Meanwhile, he put the picture on the table, lit the lamp because it was now getting dark, and made the tea.

While they were having tea, his friend picked up the picture, looked at it and said, ‘Where’s this house, Williams?’
‘That’s just what I was going to find out, ‘ said Williams, taking a book from the shelf. ‘If you look at the back, you’ll see it’s Something Hall in either Essex or Sussex. Half the name’s missing, you see. I don’t suppose you recognize the house, do you? ‘

‘No, I don’t, ‘ said Mr Binks. ‘It’s from Britnell, ‘I suppose, isn’t it? Is it for the museum?’
‘Well, I would buy it if the price was two pounds, ‘replied Mr Williams, ‘but for some reason he wants twenty pounds for it. I can’t think why. It’s not a very good picture and there aren’t even any figures in it to make it more interesting.’

‘I agree it’s not worth twenty pounds,’ said Binks, ‘but I don’t think it’s too bad. The light seems rather good to me and I think there is a figure here, just at the edge, in the front.’
‘Let me see,’ said Williams. ‘Well, it’s true the light is quite well done. Where’s the figure? Oh, yes! Just the head, in the very front of the picture.’

And indeed there was — right on the edge of the picture — just the head of a man or a woman, who was looking towards the house. Williams had not noticed it before.
‘Still,’ he said, ‘though it’s better than I thought at first, I can’t spend twenty pounds of the museum’s money on a picture of a house I don’t even know.’

Mr Binks, who had some work to finish, soon left and Mr Williams spent the time before dinner trying to find the name of the house in his guidebooks.
‘If I knew the letter before the “—ngly”,’ he said to himself, ‘it would be easy enough. But there are many more names ending in “—ngly” than I thought.’

Dinner in Mr Williams’ college was at seven o’clock and afterwards a few of his friends came back to his rooms to play cards. During a pause in the game Mr Williams picked up the picture from the table without looking at it and passed it to a man named Garwood, who was interested in pictures. Garwood looked at it and said:

This is really a very fine picture, you know, Williams. The light is very well done, in my opinion, and though the figure is rather unpleasant, it is quite interesting.’
‘Yes, isn’t it? ‘said Williams, who was too busy giving drinks to his guests to look at the picture again.

When his visitors had gone, Williams had to finish writing a letter, so it was after midnight before he was ready to go to bed. The picture lay face upwards on the table where Garwood had left it and, as Williams was putting out the lamp, he saw it.

For a moment he was too surprised to move, then he slowly picked up the picture and stared at it in horror. In the middle of the lawn, in front of the unknown house, there was a figure where there had been no figure earlier. It was crawling on hands and knees towards the house, and it was covered in a strange black garment with a white cross on the back.

After a second or two Mr Williams took the picture by one corner and carried it to an empty room. There, he locked it, face downwards, in a cupboard, then closed and locked the door of the empty room. He went back to his own room and locked the door behind him. Before going to bed, he sat down and wrote a note describing in detail the extraordinary change in the picture since he had received it.

He was glad to remember that Mr Garwood, who had looked at the picture earlier in the evening, had also seen a ‘rather unpleasant’ figure. He decided that in the morning he must ask someone to look carefully at the picture with him, and he must try very hard to discover the name of the house. He would ask his neighbour, Mr Nisbet, to have breakfast with him. Then he would spend the morning looking for the house in his guidebooks.

Mr Nisbet arrived at nine o’clock and the two men sat down to breakfast. When they had finished, Mr Williams, feeling both nervous and excited, hurried to the empty room. He unlocked the cupboard, took out the picture, still face downwards, and, without looking at it, went back to his own room and put it into Nisbet’s hands.

‘Now, Nisbet,’ he said, ‘I want you to tell me what you see in that picture. Describe it, please, in detail. I’ll tell you why afterwards.’
‘Well,’ said Nisbet, ‘I have here a picture of an English country house by moonlight.’
‘Moonligh? Are you sure?’
‘Oh, yes. The moon is shown quite clearly and there are clouds in the sky.’
‘All right. Go on. But I’m sure,’ added Williams quietly, ‘that there was no moon when I first saw it.’
‘Well, there’s not much more I can say,’ Nisbet continued. ‘The house has three rows of windows, five in each row, except at the bottom, where there’s a door instead of the middle one and…’

‘But what about figures? ‘said Williams with great interest.
‘Figures?’ replied Nisbet. ‘There aren’t any.’
‘What? No figure on the grass in front?’
‘No. Not a thing.’
‘Are you sure?’
‘Of course I am. But there’s one other thing.’
‘What’s that?’
‘One of me windows on the ground floor, on the left of the door, is open.’
‘Is it really? Oh dear! I suppose he’s got into the house,’ said Williams, with great excitement.

He hurried across to where Nisbet was sitting and, taking the picture from him, saw for himself. It was quite true. There was no figure on the lawn, and there was the open window.
For a moment williams was too surprised to speak, then he sat down at his desk and wrote for a few minutes. When he had finished, he brought two papers across to Nisbet. He asked him to sign the first one, which was Nisbet’s own description of the picture, then to read the other one, which was the note Williams had written the night before.

‘What can it all mean? ‘asked Nisbet.
‘That’s what I must find out,’ said Williams. ‘Now, there are three things I must do. First, I must ask Garwood exactly what he saw when he looked at the picture last night, then I must have the picture photographed before it goes any further and, thirdly, I must find out where this house is.’

‘I can take the photograph for you myself,’ said Nisbet. ‘But, you know, I think we are seeing something terrible happening here. The question is, has it already happened or is it going to happen? You really must find out where this house is. ‘He looked at the picture again and shook his head. ‘I think you are right, you know. He has got in. I’m sure there will be some trouble in that house.’

‘I’ll tell you what I’ll do,’ said Williams. ‘I’ll show the picture to old Doctor Green. He grew up in Essex and he often goes to Sussex to see his brother who lives there. He’s been going there for years. He must know both places quite well.’

‘That’s a very good idea,’ agreed Nisbet. ‘But I think I heard Green say that he was going away this weekend.’
‘You’re right, said Williams. ‘I remember now — he’s gone to Brighton for the weekend. I’ll leave a note asking him to see me as soon as he returns. Meanwhile, you take the picture and photograph it and I’ll see Garwood and ask him what he saw when he looked at it last night.’ He paused. ‘You know,’ he added, ‘I don’t think twenty pounds is too much to ask for this picture, after all.’

In a short time Williams returned to his room, bringing Mr Garwood with him. Mr Garwood said that when he had looked at the picture the figure was just starting to crawl across the lawn. He remembered that it was wearing a black garment with something white on the back — he was not sure if it was a cross. While he was writing this down, Mr Nisbet returned and said that he had photographed the picture.

‘What are you going to do now, Williams?’ asked Mr Garwood. ‘Are you going to sit and watch the picture all day?’
‘No, I don’t think we need to do that,’ replied Williams.
‘You see, there has been plenty of time since I looked at it last night for the creature in the picture to finish what he wants to do, but he has only gone into the house.

The window is open and he must still be in there. I think he wants us to see what happens next. Anyway, I don’t think the picture will change much during the day. I suggest that we all go for a walk after lunch and come back here for tea. I’ll leave the picture on my table and lock the door. My servant has a key and can get in if he wants to, but nobody else can.’

The others agreed that this was a good plan. They also wanted to avoid talking to anyone about this extraordinary picture, knowing what excitement and argument it would cause.

At about five o’clock they came back to Mr Williams’ rooms for tea. When they entered the room, they were surprised to find Mr Filcher, the servant, sitting in Mr Williams’ armchair and staring in horror at the picture on the table. Mr Filcher had worked in the college for many years and had never before behaved in so unusual a way. He seemed to feel this himself, and tried to jump to his feet when the three men came in.

‘I’m sorry, sir,’ he said. ‘I didn’t mean to sit down.’
‘That’s all right, Robert,’ said Mr Williams. ‘I was going to ask you some time what you thought of that picture.’

‘Well, sir,’ replied the servant, ‘of course, I don’t really understand pictures, but I wouldn’t like my little girl to see it. I’m sure it would give her bad dreams. It doesn’t seem the right kind of picture to leave lying around. It could frighten anybody — seeing that awful thing carrying off the poor baby. That’s what I think, sir. Will you need me any more today, sir? Thank you, sir.’

Filcher left the room and the three men went at once to look at the picture. There was the house as before, under the moon and the clouds. But the window that had been open was now shut, and the figure was once more on the lawn; but not crawling this time.

Now it was walking, with long steps, towards the front of the picture. The moon was behind it and the black material of its garment nearly covered its face. The three men were deeply thankful that they could see no more of the face than a high, white forehead and a few long, thin hairs. Its legs beneath the garment were horribly thin, and its arms held something which seemed to be a child, whether dead or living it was not possible to say.

The three friends watched the picture until it was time for dinner but it did not change at all. They hurried back to Williams’ rooms as soon as dinner was finished. The picture was where they had left it, but the figure had gone, and the house was quiet under the moon and the clouds.

‘Well,’ said Mr Williams, ‘now we really must try to find where this house is.’ They got out the guidebooks and began to work.

It was nearly two hours later when Williams suddenly cried, ‘Ha! This looks like it.’
He read aloud from the Cuide to Essex that he was holding:

‘Anningly. Interesting twelfth-century church containing the tombs of the Francis family, whose home, Anningly Hall, stands just behind the church. The family is now extinct. The last member of the family disappeared very mysteriously in 1802 while still a child. His father, Sir Arthur Francis, a well-known amateur artist, lived quite alone after that until he was found dead in his house three years later, after he had just completed a picture of the Hall.’

As Mr Williams finished reading, there was a knock on the door and Doctor Green came in. He had just returned from Brighton and had found Williams’ note. He agreed at once that the picture was of Anningly Hall, which was not far from where he had grown up.

‘Have you any explanation of the figure, Green?’ asked Williams.
‘I don’t know, I’m sure, Williams,’ Doctor Green replied.
‘When I was a boy, some of the old people in Anningly still used to talk about the disappearance of the Francis child. They said that Sir Arthur had a lot of trouble with some of the local people coming onto his land to steal his fish and his birds.

He decided to catch them all and have them punished, and, one by one he did, until there was only one left. This was a man called Gawdy whose family had once been rich and important in that part of Essex. In fact, some of them had their tombs in the village church too. However, the family had lost all their land and their money over the years and Gawdy felt rather bitter about it all.

For a long time Sir Arthur could not catch him doing anything wrong until one night his men found Gawdy with some dead birds in Sir Arthur’s woods. There was a fight and one of the men was shot. This was just what Sir Arthur needed; the judge was all on his side, of course, and poor Gawdy was hanged a few days later. People thought that some friend of Gawdy’s stole Sir Arthur’s little boy in revenge, to put an end to the Francis family as well. But I should say now, that it looks more as if old Gawdy managed the job himself. Brrrr. I don’t like to think about it. Let’s have a drink, shall we?’

The story of the picture was told to a few people; some believed it and some did not. Mr Britnell knew nothing about it except that the picture was unusual in some way. It is now in the museum and, although it has been carefully watched, no one has ever seen it change again.

The End.

Article ( 6/12/12)

 

Incorrect battery disposal causes needless fires   (5th December, 2022)

Our lifestyles are increasingly dependent on batteries. These ubiquitous sources of energy power everything from our cars and smartphones, to watches, remote controls and many other devices. However, these essential sources of power can be hazardous. A report from the Environmental Services Association (ESA) in the U.K. discovered that the incorrect disposal of batteries causes around 700 fires in Britain each year. This costs fire services $195 million. The financial loss is considerably higher for those whose property has burnt down. A leading fire expert said: "These fires can be challenging for fire services to deal with.…Everyone can do their bit…by ensuring they dispose of batteries correctly."
       The biggest culprits for fires starting are lithium-ion batteries.
These can explode and start fires if they are crushed or they get wet. An ESA spokesperson told the BBC that, "more and more people are putting devices containing these batteries in with household waste". He said: "That causes a real problem because they have a tendency – when damaged – to explode or ignite.…They're likely to be crushed, compacted, smashed or they might get wet.". He added: "That can cause them to short-circuit. And of course, they're then in the presence of other flammable material like plastic, paper and card and that can lead to quite big fires." The ESA encouraged people to be mindful of the potential hazards of batteries.

·          

LIFE: How dependent are you on these things? What could we use instead of them? Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners often and share what you wrote.

 

How Dependent

Alternatives

Batteries

 

 

Smartphones

 

 

TV

 

 

Cars

 

 

A knife and fork

 

 

Jeans

 

 

 

Vocabulary

    Paragraph 1

      1.

dependent

a.

Requiring someone or something for financial or other support.

      2.

ubiquitous

b.

By a notably large amount or to a notably large extent; greatly.

      3.

device

c.

Present, appearing, or found everywhere.

      4.

hazardous

d.

The action or process of getting rid of something.

      5.

disposal

e.

A thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment.

      6.

considerably

f.

Risky; dangerous.

      7.

property

g.

A building or buildings and the land belonging to it or them.

    Paragraph 2

      8.

culprit

h.

Catch fire or cause to catch fire.

      9.

explode

i.

A trend towards a particular characteristic or type of behaviour.

      10.

waste

j.

The cause of a problem or defect.

      11.

tendency

k.

An electrical flow in device that accidentally touches something inside the device and closes it down or causes a fire.

      12.

ignite

l.

Burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion, excessive internal pressure, or other process.

      13.

short-circuit

m.

Easily set on fire.

      14.

flammable

n.

Unwanted or unusable material, substances, or by-products.

 

Before reading / listening

1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if 1-8 below are true (T) or false (F).

  1. The article says batteries depend on our lives.     T / F
  2. The article says batteries power remote controls and cars.     T / F
  3. Batteries are the cause of over 7,000 fires each year in the U.K.     T / F
  4. The article says not everyone can dispose of batteries correctly.     T / F
  5. Lithium-ion batteries can explode and start fires.     T / F
  6. Increasing numbers of people throw batteries in the garbage at home.     T / F
  7. Batteries can short-circuit and start fires.     T / F
  8. An environmental agency said we should understand battery hazards.    T / F

2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article.

  1. dependent
  2. ubiquitous
  3. hazardous
  4. disposal
  5. expert
  6. culprits
  7. explode
  8. crushed
  9. flammable
  10. potential
  1. offenders
  2. getting rid of
  3. squashed
  4. ever-present
  5. blow up
  6. reliant
  7. possible
  8. combustible
  9. dangerous
  10. specialist

3. PHRASE MATCH: (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.)

  1. Our lifestyles are increasingly dependent
  2. These ubiquitous
  3. the incorrect disposal
  4. for those whose property
  5. Everyone can do their
  6. household
  7. explode
  8. That can cause them to short-
  9. flammable
  10. The ESA encouraged people to
  1. bit
  2. be mindful
  3. circuit
  4. sources of energy
  5. or ignite
  6. material
  7. on batteries
  8. waste
  9. has burnt
  10. of batteries

Listening — Guess the answers. Listen to check.

1)  Our lifestyles are increasingly ______
     a.  depend dent on batteries
     b.  deep end dent on batteries
     c.  deepen dent on batteries
     d.  dependent on batteries
2)  the incorrect disposal of batteries causes around 700 fires in ______
     a.  Britain each year
     b.  Britain all year
     c.  Britain whole year
     d.  Britain for year
3)  considerably higher for those whose property ______
     a.  has burnt drown
     b.  has burnt up
     c.  has burnt down
     d.  has burnt in
4)  These fires can be challenging for fire services ______
     a.  towed eel with
     b.  toad eel with
     c.  to deal with
     d.  towed deal with
5)  Everyone can do their bit...by ensuring they ______ correctly
     a.  displays of batteries
     b.  this pose of batteries
     c.  this posse of batteries
     d.  dispose of batteries

6)  The biggest culprits for fires starting are ______
     a.  lithium-iron batteries
     b.  lithium-in batteries
     c.  lithium-ion batteries
     d.  lithium-on batteries
7)  These can explode and start fires if they are crushed or ______
     a.  they get what
     b.  they get wet
     c.  they get whet
     d.  they get welt
8)  people are putting devices containing these batteries in ______
     a.  with household waste
     b.  with household waist
     c.  with household vast
     d.  with household wattle
9)  That causes a real problem because they ______
     a.  have a tend dents sea
     b.  have attendant see
     c.  have a tend antsy
     d.  have a tendency
10)  And of course, they're then in the presence of ______
     a.  other flappable material
     b.  other flammable material
     c.  other flan marble material
     d.  other flammable material

Comprehension questions

  1. What are our lives increasingly dependent on?
  2. How many fires do batteries start each year in the UK?
  3. How much do the fires cost fire services?
  4. Who can fires be challenging for?
  5. Who does an environmental agency say can do their bit?
  6. What are the biggest fire-starting culprits?
  7. Where are more and more people throwing away batteries?
  8. What might crushed batteries do besides explode?
  9. Why might batteries short-circuit?
  10. What did the ESA encourage people to be mindful of?

Multiple choice quiz

1)  What are our lives increasingly dependent on?
a) money
b) batteries
c) remote control
d) smartphones
2) How many fires do batteries start each year in the UK?
a) exactly 700
b) just fewer than 700
c) over 700
d) around 700
3) How much do the fires cost fire services?
a) $195 million
b) $185 million
c) $175 million
d) $165 million
4) Who can fires be challenging for?
a) neighbours
b) hospital staff
c) fire services
d) insects
5) Who does an environmental agency say can do their bit?
a) drill makers
b) everyone
c) battery makers
d) fire fighters

6) What are the biggest fire-starting culprits?
a) broken glass
b) arsonists
c) lithium-ion batteries
d) children
7) Where are more and more people throwing away batteries?
a) out of car windows
b) in rivers
c) on roads
d) into the household waste
8) What might crushed batteries do besides explode?
a) ignite
b) leak
c) burn surfaces
d) poison people
9) Why might batteries short-circuit?
a) if they get wet
b) if they heat up
c) if the device is overused
d) if the wifi drops
10) What did the ESA encourage people to be mindful of?
a) their oneness
b) potential hazards of batteries
c) Earth
d) the environment

Spelling

Paragraph 1

  1. Our lifestyles are increasingly etdenepdn on batteries
  2. These ibiusuqtuo sources of energy
  3. sources of power can be hdauosrza
  4. The financial loss is sadocerbilyn higher
  5. A leading fire teperx
  6. ensuring they sdopies of batteries correctly

Paragraph 2

  1. The biggest ctsirlup for fires
  2. These can xledeop and start fires
  3. they have a yctdnene
  4. cause them to shrot-tiriucc
  5. other efbmmalla material
  6. The ESA udgeraocen people to be mindful