Article for press (22.11.2022)

 

Our Sun will die in 10 billion years from now   (17th November, 2022)

Scientists have worked out when our Sun will die. It won't be any time soon. It will be in 10 billion years. The scientists are from the University of Manchester in the UK. They predict that in about 5 billion years from now, the Sun will turn into a "red giant". This is the scientific name given to a star at the end of its life. When our Sun becomes a red giant, its centre will shrink. Its outer layers will expand as far as Mars. This means Earth will be burnt and disappear. After our Sun turns into a red giant, it will become a planetary nebula. This is a bubble of gas and space dust. The scientists say no humans will be on Earth when the Sun dies out. Humans will disappear in around one billion years from now.
         The Sun is still quite young in space years. It is just 4.6 billion years old. This means it is only around one third into its lifespan. Professor Albert Zijlstra, a scientist from the University of Manchester, explained what happens at the end of a star's life. He said: "When a star dies, it ejects a mass of gas and dust into space.…This reveals the star's core. By this point in the star's life, it is running out of fuel." He said it eventually turns off and dies. Professor Zijlstra was happy that modern science can calculate the age of stars and what will happen to them. He said we can measure the presence of stars in distant galaxies, and "we even have found out what the Sun will do when it dies".

 END OF THE WORLD: What would you do if the Sun was going to end Earth next week? Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners often and share what you wrote.

About...	What?	Why?
Family
Friends
Food
Travel
Games
Hobbies

 

SPACE: Rank these with your partner. Put the most interesting things about space at the top. Change partners often and share your rankings.

·         The Sun

·         The Moon

·         Mars

·         Black holes

·         Asteroids

·         Space dust

·         Jupiter

·         Distant galaxies

 

Vocabulary

    Paragraph 1

1.	worked out	a.	Become or make larger.
2.	predict	b.	Dry powder consisting of tiny bits of earth or waste matter lying on the ground.
3.	scientific	c.	Found the answer to something.
4.	shrink	d.	Say or guess a something will happen in the future.
5.	expand	e.	Become or make smaller in size or amount.
6.	bubble	f.	A thin ball of liquid with air or another gas.
7.	dust	g.	About science.

    Paragraph 2

8.	lifespan	h.	Material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
9.	eject	i.	The thick, middle part of a planet or of the Sun.
10.	mass	j.	Cause or allow something to be seen.
11.	reveal	k.	The length of time for which a person or animal lives or a thing functions.
12.	core	l.	Find out the amount or number of something using maths.
13.	fuel	m.	Throw something or someone out of something.
14.	calculate	n.	A large body of matter with no definite shape.

 

Before reading / listening

1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if 1-8 below are true (T) or false (F).

1. The article says the Sun will not die soon.     T / F
2. When the Sun becomes a red giant, it will expand to reach Mars.     T / F
3. After our Sun turns into a red giant, it will become a comet.     T / F
4. Humans will not be on Earth in two million years from now.     T / F
5. The Sun is over 4.5 billion years old.     T / F
6. The Sun is over half way through its life span.     T / F
7. A professor is unhappy because he cannot calculate the age of stars.     T / F
8. The professor said he can measure stars in faraway galaxies.     T / F

2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article.

1. worked out
2. predict
3. centre
4. expand
5. disappear
6. quite
7. ejects
8. reveals
9. presence
10. distant

1. faraway
2. die out
3. sends out
4. core
5. existence
6. calculated
7. uncovers
8. fairly
9. forecast
10. stretch

3. PHRASE MATCH: (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.)

1. Scientists have worked out when
2. It won't be any
3. Its outer layers will expand
4. This is a bubble
5. Humans will disappear
6. it is only around one third
7. it ejects a mass of gas
8. This reveals the star's
9. it is running
10. the presence of stars in distant

1. as far as Mars
2. in around one billion years
3. core
4. galaxies
5. time soon
6. and dust into space
7. out of fuel
8. our Sun will die
9. into its lifespan
10. of gas and space dust

Guess the answers.

1) Scientists have worked out when our Sun will die. It won't be ______
     a.  many time soon
     b.  any times moon
     c.  any time soon
     d.  any times swoon
2)  When our Sun becomes a red giant, its ______
     a.  centre will shrink
     b.  centre will shrank
     c.  centre will shrunk
     d.  centre will shriek
3)  it will become a planetary nebula. This is a bubble of gas ______
     a.  and space dusty
     b.  and space dust
     c.  and space dusts
     d.  and space adjust
4)  The scientists say no humans will be on Earth when the ______
     a.  Sun dies shout
     b.  Sun die shout
     c.  Sun die spout
     d.  Sun dies out
5)  Humans will disappear in around one billion ______
     a.  years from know
     b.  years from no
     c.  years from now
     d.  years from then

6)  This means it is only around one third ______
     a.  unto its lifespan
     b.  onto its lifespan
     c.  in two its lifespan
     d.  into its lifespan
7)  explained what happens at the end of ______
     a.  a star's life
     b.  a star strife
     c.  a star slice
     d.  a star's leaf
8)  into space....This reveals ______
     a.  the star's core
     b.  the star score
     c.  the stars cor!
     d.  the star's curl
9)  By this point in the star's life, it is running ______
     a.  out of file
     b.  out of foal
     c.  out of feel
     d.  out of fuel
10)  He said we can measure the presence of stars ______
     a.  in distance galaxies
     b.  in distant galaxies
     c.  in distant galaxy
     d.  in disdain galaxies

Comprehension questions

1. What will the Sun become in 5 billion years from now?
2. What will happen to the centre of the Sun in 5 billion years from now?
3. Where will the outer layers of the Sun reach in 5 billion years from now?
4. What does a planetary nebula contain?
5. When will humans disappear from Earth?
6. How old is the Sun?
7. What is Albert Zijlstra's job?
8. What does a star eject into space when it dies?
9. What does a star run out of before it dies?
10. Where can a professor measure the presence of stars?

Multiple choice quiz

1) What will the Sun become in 5 billion years from now?
a) nothing
b) a scary monster
c) a red giant
d) a mess
2) What will happen to the centre of the Sun in 5 billion years from now?
a) it will shrink
b) it will burn more brightly
c) it will explode
d) it will turn black in colour
3) Where will the outer layers of the Sun reach in 5 billion years from now?
a) the next galaxy
b) Mars
c) Pluto
d) Antarctica
4) What does a planetary nebula contain?
a) stars and galaxies
b) rock and comets
c) hydrogen and helium
d) gas and space dust
5) When will humans disappear from Earth?
a) in a 1,000 years from now
b) in 100 million years from now
c) in a billion years from now
d) no one knows

6) How old is the Sun?
a) 4.8 billion years old
b) 4.6 billion years old
c) 4.2 billion years old
d) 4.4 billion years old
7) What is Albert Zijlstra's job?
a) He's an astronaut.
b) He's a science fiction writer.
c) He's a rocket engineer.
d) He's a professor.
8) What does a star eject into space when it dies?
a) clouds and silver rain
b) gas and dust
c) comets and asteroids
d) hydrogen and helium
9) What does a star run out of before it dies?
a) dark
b) fuel
c) time
d) space
10) Where can a professor measure the presence of stars?
a) in distant galaxies
b) in his laboratory
c) on his computer
d) in our nearest galaxy

STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS

1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What images are in your mind when you hear the word 'sun'?
3. What do you know about our Sun?
4. Do you worry about the Sun dying?
5. Can you imagine how long 10 billion years is?
6. How interested are you in space?
7. How do you feel about the Earth being destroyed by the Sun?
8. Will humans die out earlier because of climate change?
9. How can we make sure humans can survive on Earth?
10. Would you like to go into space?

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS

Did you like reading this article? Why/not?

11. What do you think of when you hear the word 'billion'?
12. What do you think about what you read?
13. What does the Sun do?
14. How can the Sun be dangerous?
15. What do you know about stars?
16. What do you know about galaxies?
17. Do you like the Sun or Moon better?
18. Would you like to live in a sunnier country?
19. What questions would you like to ask the scientists?

Put the words in the right order

1. when   die   .   Scientists   out   Sun   our   will   worked
2. a   Sun   The   turn   red   giant   .   will   into
3. name   a   scientific   star   .   The   given   to
4. disappear   .   This   burnt   will   Earth   and   be   means
5. around   Humans   billion   one   years   .   in   will   disappear
6. is   Sun   young   years   .   still   in   The   space
7. third   It's   its   lifespan   .   around   into   only   one
8. science   stars   .   calculate   can   Modern   age   the   of
9. in   stars   presence   the   Measure   galaxies   .   distant   of
10. out   will   do   .   Sun   We   found   what   the

 

 

 

Somerset Maugham "Home"

 The farm lay in a hollow among the Somersetshire hills, an old-fashioned stone house, surrounded by barns and outhouses. Over the doorway the date when it was built had been carved, 1673, and the house, grey and weather-beaten, looked as much a part of the landscape as the trees that surrounded it. An avenue of splendid elms led from the road to the garden. The people who lived here were as stolid, sturdy and unpretentious as the house. Their only boast was that ever since the house was built from father to son they had been 
born and died in it. For three hundred years they had farmed the surrounding land.
      George Meadows was now a man of fifty, and his wife was a year or two younger. They were both fine, upstanding people in the prime of life; and their children, two sons and three girls, were handsome and strong. I have never seen a more united family. They were merry, industrious and kindly. Their life was patriarchal. They were happy and they deserved their happiness.
      But the master of the house was not George Meadows; it was his mother. She was a woman of seventy, tall, upright and dignified, with grey hair, and though her face was much wrinkled, her eyes were bright and shrewd. Her word was law in the house and on the farm; but she had humour, and if her rule was despotic it was also kindly. People laughed at her jokes and repeated them.
      One day Mrs. George stopped me on my way home. She was all in a flutter. (Her mother-in-law was the only Mrs. Meadows we knew: George's wife was only known as Mrs. George.)
      "Who do you think is coming here today?" she asked me. "Uncle George Meadows. You know, the one that was in China."
      "Why, I thought he was dead."
      "We all thought he was dead."
      I had heard the story of Uncle George Meadows a dozen times, and it had amused me because it was like an old ballad: it was touching to come across it in real life. For Uncle George Meadows and Tom had both courted Mrs. Meadows when she was Emily Green, fifty years and more ago, and when she married Tom, George had gone away to sea.
      They heard of him on the China coast. For twenty years now and then he sent them presents; then there was no more news of him. When Tom Meadows died his widow wrote and told him, but received no answer, and at last they came to the conclusion that he must be dead. But two or three days ago to their astonishment they had received a letter from the matron of the sailors' home at Portsmouth saying that for the last ten years George Meadows, crippled with rheumatism, had been living there and feeling that he had not much longer to live, wanted to see once more the house in which he was born. Albert Meadows, his great nephew, had gone over to Portsmouth in the car to fetch him and he was to arrive that afternoon.
      "Just fancy," said Mrs. George, "he's not been here for more than fifty years. He's never even seen my George, who's fifty-one next birthday."
      "And what does Mrs. Meadows think of it?" I asked.
      "Well, you know what she is. She sits there and smiles to herself. All she says is, 'He was a good-looking young fellow when he left, but not so steady as his brother.' That's why she chose my George's father. 'But he's probably quietened down by now,' she says."
      Mrs. George asked me to look in and see him. With the simplicity of a country woman who had never been further from her home than London, she thought that because we had both been in China we must have something in common. Of course I went to see him. I found the whole family assembled when I arrived; they were sitting in the great old kitchen, with its stone floor, Mrs. Meadows in her usual chair by the fire, very upright, and I was amused to see that she had put on her best silk dress, while her son and his wife sat at the table with their children. On the other side of the fireplace sat an old man. He was very thin and his skin hung on his bones like an old suit much too large for him; his face was wrinkled and yellow and he had lost nearly all his teeth.
      I shook hands with him.
      "Well, I'm glad to see you've got here safely, Mr. Meadows," I said.
      "Captain," he corrected.
      "He walked here," Albert, his great nephew, told me. "When he got to the gate he made me stop the car and said he wanted to walk."
      "And mind you, I've not been out of my bed for two years. They carried me down and put me in the car. I thought I'd never walk again, but when I saw those elm-trees, I felt I could walk. I walked down that drive fifty-two years ago when I went away and now I've walked back again."
      "Silly, I call it," said Mrs. Meadows.
      "It's done me good. I feel better and stronger than I have felt for ten years. I'll see you out yet, Emily!"
      "Don't be too sure," she answered.
      I suppose no one had called Mrs. Meadows by her first name for a generation. It gave me a little shock, as though the old man were taking a liberty with her. She looked at him with a shrewd smile in her eyes and he, talking to her, grinned with his toothless gums. It was strange to look at them, these two old people who had not seen one another for half a century, and to think that all that long time ago he had loved her and she had loved another. I wondered if they remembered what they had felt then and what they had said to one another. I wondered if it seemed to him strange now that because of that old woman he had left the home of his fathers, and lived an exile's life.
      "Have you ever been married, Captain Meadows?" I asked.
      "Not me," he answered with a grin. "I know too much about women for that."
      "That's what you say," retorted Mrs. Meadows. "If the truth was known I shouldn't be surprised to hear that you had half-a-dozen black wives in your day."
      "They're not black in China, Emily, you ought to know better than that, they're yellow."
      "Perhaps that's why you've got so yellow yourself. When I saw you, I said to myself, why, he's got jaundice."
      "I said I'd never marry anyone but you, Emily, and I never have."
      He said it very simply, as a man might say, "I said I'd walk twenty miles and I've done it." There was a trace of satisfaction in his speech.
      "Well, you might have regretted it if you had," she answered.
      I talked a little with the old man about China.
      "There's not a port in China that I don't know better than you know your coat pocket. Where a ship can go I've been. I could keep you sitting here all day long for six months and not tell you half the things I've seen in my day."
      "Well, one thing you've not done, George, as far as I can see," said Mrs. Meadows, the smile still in her blue eyes, "and that's to make a fortune."
      "I am not a man to save money. Make it and spend it; that's my motto. But one thing I can say for myself: if I had the chance of going through my life again, I'd take it. And not many men can say that."
      "No, indeed," I said.
      I looked at him with admiration and respect. He was a toothless, crippled, penniless old man, but he had made a success of his life, for he had enjoyed it. When I left him he asked me to come and see him again next day. If I was interested in China he would tell me all the stories I wanted to hear.
      Next morning I thought I would go and ask if the old man would like to see me. I walked down the beautiful avenue of elm-trees and when I came to the garden saw Mrs. Meadows picking flowers. I said good morning and she raised herself. She had a huge armful of white flowers. I glanced at the house and I saw that the blinds were drawn: I was surprised, for Mrs. Meadows liked the sunshine.
      "Time enough to live in the dark when you're buried," she always said.
      "How's Captain Meadows?" I asked her.
      "He always was a harum-scarum fellow," she answered. "When Lizzie brought him a cup of tea this morning she found he was dead."
      "Dead?"
      "Yes. Died in his sleep. I was just picking these flowers to put in the room. Well, I'm glad he died in that old house. It always means a lot to the Meadows to do that."
      They had had a good deal of difficulty in persuading him to go to bed. He had talked to them of all the things that had happened to him in his long life. He was happy to be back in his old home. He was proud that he had walked up the drive without assistance, and he boasted that he would live for another twenty years. But fate had been kind: death had written the full stop in the right place.
      Mrs. Meadows smelt the white flowers that she held in her arms.
      "Well, I'm glad he came back," she said. "After I married Tom Meadows and George went away, the fact is I was never quite sure that I'd married the right one."